Lisa Stewart, PhD, ACNP, AOCNP, Linda D. Ward, PhD, APN, FNP-C
The use of molecular profiling has been increasing, but low levels of genomic literacy among cancer patients coupled with complex test results present a challenge for clinicians communicating results and their implications to patients. T...
Zahra Mahmoudjafari, PharmD, MBA, BCOP, FHOPA, Amir Ali, PharmD, BCOP, James Davis, PharmD, BCOP, et al.
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as crucial therapeutic agents; however, multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes amid operational complexities. Read recommendations from a panel of academ...
Rebecca Lu, MSN, FNP-C, Joseph D. Tariman, PhD, MBA, ANP-BC, FAAN, Donna Catamero, ANP-BC, OCN, CCRC, et al.
Although there have been rapid advancements in multiple myeloma therapy, pervasive racial and social inequities prevent uniform benefit across all patient populations. This article identifies inequities in race, age, socioeconomic statu...
The gut microbiome is known to influence health and well-being beyond the gastrointestinal system, including metabolism, mood, and cognitive function. Research on the influence of the gut microbiome on cancer and cancer treatment has exp...
Debra M. Cole, EdD, PA-C, DFAAPA, Kaitlin Beane, PA-S, Madeleine Engel, PA-S, Madison Shaffer, PA-S, and Sarah Tartabini, PA-S
Aim: This study aimed to analyze articles that discussed the effect of music as adjunctive therapy to traditional treatments of pediatric cancer patients compared to a control of no music therapy. Background: Cancer is a leading cause of...
Kristi Kay Orbaugh, MSN, NP, AOCNP, Sandra Cuellar, PharmD, BCOP, FHOPA, FASHP, Lisa Kennedy Sheldon, PhD, APRN-BC, AOCNP®, FAAN et al.
This article provides a narrative review of US studies reporting on the burden of febrile neutropenia (FN), FN during COVID-19, adherence to guidelines for the use of prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs), the inv...
Sara M. Otto, MS, APRN, FNP-BC, AOCNP®, Ashely L. Martinez, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AOCNP®, CBCN, CPHQ, NEA-BC, and Joyce E. Dains, DrPH, JD, APRN, FNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP, FAAN
Purpose: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to determine factors that increase the risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)–related myocarditis in the cancer patient population. Methods: A literature review was conduc...
Gabriel Schwartz, MSN, FNP-BC, AOCNP, Julianne O. Darling, PharmD, BCOP
This review provides practical insights for advanced practice providers on the management of these common AEs associated with selective FGFR inhibitors in the real-world setting, focusing on pemigatinib and futibatinib.
The purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy and adverse events associated with intratumoral injection in the treatment of solid tumor malignancies. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systema...
Karla V. Ow, MSN, APRN, AOCNP, Ann Vo, MSN, APRN, FNP, Jonathan Cunningham, MPAS, PA-C et al.
This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the current therapeutic approaches for the subtype peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified.
Samantha Thompson, MPH, MCHS, PA-C, Lydia T. Madsen, PhD, RN, AOCNS®, FNAP, and Angela Bazzell, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AOCNP®
Background: Patients with cancer often pursue nutrition as an avenue to positively impact their care management and disease outcomes. Nutritional interventions are increasing in popularity, especially intermittent fasting as an adjunct t...
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in stem cell transplant (SCT) patients. Cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin (CMV-HIG) therapy has been described in the solid organ transplant setting. Howev...
Scientific innovation in hematology and oncology is constant and increasingly complex, requiring individual clinicians and institutions to effectively integrate standards of care across the diverse hematology and oncology landscape into ...
Advanced practitioners are key members of the oncology care team, and their numbers and significance continue to expand. While the role of the AP has become well defined in everyday clinical practice, there is still space to define the A...
Wendy Vogel,(1) MSN, FNP, AOCNP®, FAPO, Yi Lisa Hwa,(2) APRN, DNP, CNP, FAPO, Lisa Kottschade,(2) APRN, MSN, CNP, FAPO, and Megan May,(3) PharmD, BCOP, FAPO, FHOPA
The Advanced Practitioner Society for Hematology and Oncology (APSHO) launched its first oncology and hematology advanced practitioner (AP) compensation survey in 2022. This 74-question survey surveyed nurse practitioners, pharmacists, p...
Archana Ajmera,(1) MSN, ANP-BC, AOCNP®, Leigh Boehmer,(2) PharmD, BCOP, Christa Marie Braun-Inglis,(3) DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AOCNP®, Brianna Hoffner,(4) MSN, ANP-BC, AOCNP®, FAPO, Maria Matta,(2) MPH, and Rana R. McKay,(1) MD
Oncology advanced practitioners (APs) work in collaboration with physicians to provide high-quality, specialized oncology care. Data are lacking on individual AP function within different practice settings, specifically around the prescr...
Tracy Lowe,(1) PhD, MS, RN, Jane DeLuca,(1) PhD, MS, RN, CPNP-PC, Ludovico Abenavoli,(2) MD, PhD, MSc, and Luigi Boccuto,(1) MD
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. It has a 95% mortality rate within 5 years of the initial diagnosis. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed histotype. The avera...
Ekaterina Kachur, PharmD, BCOP, Jai N. Patel, PharmD, BCOP, CPP, Allison L. Morse, PharmD, BCOP, Donald C. Moore, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, DPLA, FCCP, and Justin R. Arnall, PharmD, BCOP
Cyclophosphamide remains a critical component to haploidentical transplant conditioning regimens. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) emerged as an effective component of graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in the nonmyeloablat...
As many as 24.7% of cancer patients are also parents to children younger than 18 years of age. This population faces unique challenges, and quality of life in parental cancer patients has not been well studied. This integrative review as...
Polycythemia vera is a Philadelphia chromosome–negative myeloproliferative neoplasm that results in increased myeloproliferation. It is a debilitating disease characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells, but it also can result...
While significant strides have been made in the treatment of multiple myeloma, treatment options remain limited and definite, and most patients ultimately succumb to their disease. The urgency for more treatment modalities remains, as pa...
Medical aid in dying is the act of prescribing lethal medications to a consenting patient who can self-ingest them with the intent of hastening their death. A majority of patients who utilize medical aid in dying are patients with termin...
Donald C. Moore,(1) PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, DPLA, FCCP, and Andrew S. Guinigundo,(2) MSN, RN, CNP, ANP-BC
There has been an increasing number of approvals for targeted therapies and immunotherapies in oncology in the past decade. This has changed the treatment paradigm for many solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and therefore the out...
Donald C. Moore,(1) PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, DPLA, FCCP, and Andrew S. Guinigundo,(2) MSN, RN, CNP, ANP-BC
Oncology drug development historically has followed a path of sequential phase I, II, and III clinical trials using traditional trial designs, with the goal of achieving regulatory approval. These studies are often conducted with inclusi...
Donald C. Moore,(1) PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, DPLA, FCCP, and Andrew S. Guinigundo,(2) MSN, RN, CNP, ANP-BC
Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have led to the characterization of an increasing number of actionable genomic alterations and immune-based signatures, which have facilitated the development of many highly effective cancer thera...
Donald C. Moore,(1) PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, DPLA, FCCP, and Andrew S. Guinigundo,(2) MSN, RN, CNP, ANP-BC
The advent of precision medicine targeting oncogenic mutations and other alterations has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of many solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. For many of these agents, predictive biomarker testing i...
Courtney R. Arn,(1) APRN-CNP, Kimberly J. Halla,(2) MSN, FNP-C, and Sally Gill,(3) RN (Hons)
Tisotumab vedotin-tftv, an antibody-drug conjugate indicated for the treatment of adult patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy, demonstrated clinically meaningful and durab...
Michaela Hillengass,(1) RN, ACSM-CPT, Janine Joseph,(1) MS, MBA, Jane McCarthy, and Jens Hillengass,(1) MD, PhD
One of the major issues patients with multiple myeloma (MM) suffer from is bone instability and the resulting difficulties that come along with it, such as pain and immobility. Few studies have been performed in this patient group to inv...
In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as an effective and potentially paradigm-shifting therapy for patients with refractory lymphoma and myeloma. This novel therapy involves engineering T cells to r...
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The 5-year survival rates are poor with traditional therapy alone. New scientific advances in technology involving the human genome, including diagnostic too...
Neda Alrawashdh,(1,2) PhD, PharmD, Ali McBride,(3) PharmD, MS, BCPS, Mok Oh,(1) PhD, PharmD, Nimer Alkhatib,(1) PhD, PharmD, Christopher Lee,(4) PhD, RN, FAHA, FAAN, FHFSA, Jennifer Martin,(5) MA, Karen MacDonald,(6) PhD, RN, and Ivo Abraham,(1,3,6) PhD, RN
Background: Pegfilgrastim is recommended to be administered at least 24 hours following the completion of chemotherapy, yet some clinicians use a same-day administration protocol. In this meta-analysis, we compared the incidence of chemo...
Whitney Randolph, APRN, and Joyce E. Dains, DrPH, JD, APRN, FNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP
Radiation is a recommended front-line treatment for many adult head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Early identification of radiation-associated carotid artery disease (CAD), a well-known phenomenon, can minimize long-term sequelae. This...
Elizabeth Hubert, APRN, FNP-C, and Joyce E. Dains, DrPH, JD, APRN, FNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP
Purpose: The purpose of this integrative review was to establish the role of cardiac rhythm analysis (electrocardiogram; EKG) and echocardiogram in increasing clinical suspicion for and earlier diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Methods: ...
Jennifer Lynn Miller, PhD, RN, CMSRN, and Julianne Evers, DNP, APRN, AGACNP-BC, CCRN
Head and neck cancer patients often undergo a demanding treatment schedule requiring radiation and chemotherapy. Adherence to these treatment schedules is affected by several issues, including socioeconomic factors, characteristics of th...
Diana Krause(1), Karen Sharrah(2), Anne Gross(3), Danielle Bowers(3), Daniel Mulkerin(4), Nancy Brandt(4), Kate Kennedy(5), Annie Austin(5), Aaron Begue(6), Rose Bell(7), Cheryl Raczyk(7), Todd Pickard(8), Timothy Kubal(9), Dave Johnson(9), Kellyann Jeffries(10), Vanna Dest(11), Rory Randall(12), Jessica Sugalski(1), and Gabrielle Zecha(13)
Introduction: The utilization of advanced practice providers (APPs) in oncology has been growing over the last decade; however, there is no standard method for assessing an APP’s contributions to oncology care. Methods: The NCCN Best Pra...
Miguel A. Escobar,(1) MD, Cindy Leissinger,(2) MD, and Guy Young,(3) MD
Hemophilia A is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in factor VIII. The evolution of currently approved prophylaxis therapy in hemophilia A will be reviewed, including the clinical value of prophylaxis, real-...
Matthew Waggoner,(1) MS, John Katsetos,(1) PA-C, Emilee Thomas,(1) MBA, MPH, PA-C, Ilene Galinsky,(2) BSN, MSN, ANP-C, and Heather Fox,(3) PA-C
Venetoclax is a potent oral, highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of the antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma in treatment-naive patients (in combinati...
Kelley D. Mayden,(1) DNP, APRN-FNP, AOCNP®, John M. Kelton,(2) PharmD, Joanne C. Ryan,(2) PhD, RN, and Ali McBride,(3,4) PharmD, BCPS, BCOP
In oncology practices across the United States, biosimilars—highly similar versions of licensed, innovator (reference) biological medicines—are currently emerging as more affordable therapeutic options. Only after a rigorous product deve...
Lisa Nodzon, PhD, APRN, AOCNP®, Anecita Fadol, PhD, FNP-BC, FAANP, FAAN, and Sara Tinsley, PhD, APRN, AOCN®
Cardiovascular (CV) risk mitigation is an important consideration in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Although BCR-ABL1 inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has led to a significant improvement in prog...
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes following the implementation of an early discharge protocol for pediatric patients with osteosarcoma receiving high-dose methotrexate (MTX) to determine if the protocol safel...
Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be over 65,950 new cases diagnosed in 2022. According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCC...
Jessica Thomas, MSN, APRN, FNP-C, AOCNP®, Christi Bowe, MSN, APRN, ANP-C, and Joyce E. Dains, DrPH, JD, APRN, FNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP
Purpose: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients undergo rigorous courses of myeloablative chemotherapy that increase vulnerability for infections. Complications can arise in the form of graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) manifesting...
Amber Clemmons,(1,2) PharmD, BCOP, Arpita Gandhi,(3) PharmD, BCOP, Andrea Clarke,(2) PharmD, Sarah Jimenez,(2) APN-BC, AGACNP, AOCNP®, Thuy Le,(2) MD, and Germame Ajebo,(2) MD
Chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy are associated with numerous potential adverse events (AEs). Many of these common AEs, namely chemotherapy- or radiation-induced nausea and vomiting, hypersensitivity reactions, and edema, ca...
Purpose: The purposes of this literature review were to (1) establish the utility of supportive telehealth interventions focusing on early identification of treatment-related symptoms in adult patients with hematologic malignancies, with...
Kristi Orbaugh,(1) RN, MSN, RNP, AOCN®, Val R. Adams,(2) PharmD, FCCP, BCOP, FHOPA, and Theresa W. Gillespie,(3) PhD, MA, RN, FAAN
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors are revolutionizing care for patients with advanced and metastatic hormone receptor–positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) breast cancer. These oral agent...
Payton L. Ten Hagen, DNP, APRN, FNP-C, Christi Bowe, MSN, APRN, ANP-C, and Joyce E. Dains, DrPH, JD, APRN, FNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP
Introduction: Vulvovaginal graft-vs.-host disease (VVGvHD) is a condition caused by a T-cell mounted immune response after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT), which can lead to sclerotic changes of the external geni...
Annie Austin,(1) Kellyann Jeffries,(2) Diana Krause,(3) Jessica Sugalski,(3) Karen Sharrah,(4) Anne Gross,(5) Danielle Bowers,(5) Daniel Mulkerin,(6) Nancy Brandt,(6) Aaron Begue,(7) Rose Bell,(8) Cheryl Raczyk,(8) Todd Pickard,(9) David Johnson,(10) Vanna Dest,(11) Rory Randall,(12) Gabrielle Zecha,(13) and Kate Kennedy,(1)
Introduction: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Best Practices Committee created an Advanced Practice Provider (APP) Workgroup to develop recommendations to support APP roles at NCCN Member Institutions. Methods: The Workg...
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women. Pancreatic cancer is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage and has an overall 5-year survival of approximately 9.3%. The National Comprehensive ...
Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a surgical option to improve patient satisfaction with aesthetic outcome. It can be utilized to decrease body image disturbance by preserving the woman’s skin and areolar complex. Data for cancer treatm...
Barbara Barnes Rogers, CRNP, MN, AOCN®, ANP-BC, Carolyn Zawislak, MPAS, PA-C, and Victoria Wong, PA-C
Immune checkpoint inhibitors target suppressor receptors, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The activated T cells are not a...
Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most prevalent, debilitating symptoms affecting a majority of patients with cancer worldwide. It can lead to poor compliance with anticancer therapy and discontinuation of treatment....
Almost all patients with breast cancer will eventually receive chemotherapy drugs, the majority of which are administered as IV infusions. Real-world evidence indicates that while current treatment paradigms vary considerably from guidel...
Historically, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was primarily treated with surgery and chemotherapy. To that end, a wide array of chemotherapy agents are currently available for the treatment of MBC. To date, there has been considerable pro...
Betty R. Ferrell,(1) RN, PhD, MA, FAAN, FPCN, CHPN, Rose Virani,(1) RNC, MHA, FPCN, Elinor Han,(1) BA, and Polly Mazanec,(2) PhD, ACNP-BC, AOCN®, FPCN, FAAN
Numerous organizations have cited the increasing demand for palliative care in oncology and the challenge of a limited workforce to deliver specialty palliative care. Advanced practitioners in oncology can provide generalist or primary p...
Background: Patient-reported outcome measures are measures of patients’ health-related quality of life. They should be added to other lymphedema measurements. With an improved disease-free survival of secondary lower limb lymphedema, att...
TaCharra Y. D. Woodard, MSN, APRN, ACNP-BC, AOCNP®, Carla M. Patel, MSN, APRN, ACNP-BC, and Garrett L. Walsh, MD
The Enhanced Recovery Program (ERP) is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach that directly impacts the functional recovery and quality of life of patients after surgery. Initiated in 2013 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Canc...
Bethany G. Sphar, MSN, APRN, FNP-C, AOCNP®, Christi Bowe, DNP, APRN, ANP-C, NPD-BC, CPHQ, and Joyce E. Dains, DrPH, JD, APRN, FNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a prevalent, potentially long-lasting side effect of select chemotherapies. It contributes to suboptimal chemotherapy dosing, and its symptoms negatively impact patients’ quality of li...
Sujata Kane,(1) PA-C, Anne Engelhart,(1) ANP-BC, Jessica Guadagno,(1) PA-C, Aaron Jones,(1) ANP-BC, Innis Usoro,(2) and Edith Brutcher,(1) ANP-BC, AOCNP®
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains a highly aggressive disease, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 10%. Numerous barriers to treatment exist, such as dense desmoplasia, infiltration of immune suppressor cells, inhibitory cytok...
Purpose: Unlike therapy-related nausea and vomiting (chemotherapy or radiotherapy induced), nausea and vomiting (N/V) in patients with advanced cancer is often multicausal and thus presents unique challenges. Few professional guidelines ...
Carol Guarnieri, RN, MSN, FNP-C, and Daniel D. Von Hoff, MD, FACP, FASCO, FAACR
Cancer mostly affects older adults. Despite the increased incidence of cancer among older adults, they are underrepresented in oncology clinical trials. Such trials can provide patients with early access to promising interventions. Clini...
Amanda Lee Brink, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AOCNP®, Christi Bowe, MSN, APRN, ANP-C, and Joyce E. Dains, DrPH, JD, APRN, FNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP
Patients receiving ifosfamide as part of their cancer treatment are at risk for ifosfamide-related encephalopathy (IRE), a potentially serious adverse event affecting up to 60% of patients. Symptoms range from transient altered mental st...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has recently emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for CD19-expressing hematologic malignancies and received rapid approval by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Tisagenlecleucel and a...
Nancy M. Nix, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, and Allyson Price, MPAS, PA-C
Abstract
Until recently, treatment advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) had been slow since the 1970s. However, in the past few years, as the understanding of the pathophysiology of AML has advanced, numerous treatments have been ap...
Nancy M. Nix, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, and Allyson Price, MPAS, PA-C
Abstract
Advanced practitioners (nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, and other health-care providers) have become increasingly integral members of the oncology care team. The accelerated rate of approvals for new the...
Rebecca Lu, MS, FNP, and Tiffany A. Richards, PhD, ANP-BC
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia. An estimated 12,000 people live with the disease in the United States. AL amyloidosis occurs from the misfolding of proteins that deposit in organs (heart, kidneys, digestive ...
Most patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation develop neutropenic fever and are at high risk for developing potentially life-threatening infections. β-lactam antibiotics remain the cornerstone for initial empiric trea...
Yi L. Hwa, DNP,(1) Teresa Fogaren, MSN, AGNP-C,(2) Allison Sams, AGPCNP-BC,(3) Douglas V. Faller, MD, PhD,(4) Dawn M. Stull, PharmD, BCOP,(5) Sara Thuenemann, RN, MSN, DHSc,(6) and Lisa Mendelson, MSN, AGPCNP-BC(7)
Abstract
Systemic immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare disorder arising from a plasma cell clone that produces misfolded immunoglobulin light chains, which are deposited in various tissues and organs as amyloid fibrils....
Grace E. Thompson, MSN, AGACNP-BC, AGPCNP-BC, and Phyllis P. Wright, DNP, AGPCNP-BC, MPH
As cancer survivorship increases, clinicians need to become educated regarding the long-term effect of cancer treatments. Cancer therapeutics–related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is one such sequela that contributes to significant morbidi...
Abstract
A number of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as immuno-oncology (IO) monotherapy for multiple solid and hematologic tumor types across various lines of therap...
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies represent a new paradigm in targeted cancer therapy. T cells play a key role in immune surveillance, but tumors have developed multiple mechanisms for evading that surveillance. ...
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an exciting innovation in the treatment of cancer. However, CAR T-cell therapies have been associated with unique adverse events (AEs), including cytokine release syndrome (CRS)...
Abstract
Two anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies are approved for adults with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma after more than two lines of therapy. Although CAR T-cell therapy has demonstrated signifi...
Heidi Z. Simmons, MSN, RN, FNP-C, Angela F. Bazzell, DNP, RN, FNP-BC, AOCNP®, and Joyce E. Dains, DrPH, JD, RN, FNP-BC
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) remains the mainstay in treating many hematologic malignancies. T-cell–depleted grafts designed to reduce graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) may be complicated by severe viral infections th...
Brianna Hoffner, MSN, ANP-BC, AOCNP®, and Krista M. Rubin, MS, FNP-BC
This article is a part of a JADPRO certified supplement, Immuno-Oncology Therapy Essentials: Proactive Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events
Table of Contents
Immuno-Oncology Essentials: An Overview
Meeting the Challenge of I...
Marianne J. Davies, DNP, MSN, RN, APRN, CNS-BC, ACNP-BC, AOCNP®
This article is a part of a JADPRO certified supplement, Immuno-Oncology Therapy Essentials: Proactive Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events
Table of Contents
Immuno-Oncology Essentials: An Overview
Meeting the Challenge of I...
This article is a part of a JADPRO certified supplement, Immuno-Oncology Therapy Essentials: Proactive Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events
Table of Contents
Immuno-Oncology Essentials: An Overview
Meeting the Challenge of I...
This article is a part of a JADPRO certified supplement, Immuno-Oncology Therapy Essentials: Proactive Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events
Table of Contents
Immuno-Oncology Essentials: An Overview
Meeting the Challenge of I...
Leah Shaw, MSN, RN, AGPCNP-BC, AOCNP®, Angela F. Bazzell, DNP, RN, FNP-BC, AOCNP®, and Joyce E. Dains, DrPH, JD, RN, FNP-BC, FNAP, FAANP
Abstract
The management of head and neck cancers (HNC) and esophageal cancer (EC) is complex and often involves multiple modalities of treatment, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. The side effects associated with t...
Nadia E. K. DePaola, MS, PA-C, and Heather Coggins, MS, PA-C
Abstract
Breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare peripheral T-cell lymphoma, first reported in 1997. It is pathologically confirmed as a CD30-positive, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)–negative ALCL...
Sara M. Tinsley,(1) PhD, ARNP, AOCN®, Carolyn Grande,(2) CRNP, AOCNP®, Karin Olson,(3) PhD, PA-C, Leah Plato,(4) PA-C, MPH, CCRP, and Ira Jacobs,(5) MD, JD, MBA, FACS
Abstract
Biosimilars are biologic products that are highly similar, but not identical, to a licensed reference (or “originator”) biologic product. These agents have the potential to provide efficiencies and improve access to treatment f...
Brianna Hoffner, MSN, ANP-BC, AOCNP®, and Christan G. Bartsch, MSHS, PA-C, MPH
Abstract
Melanoma accounts for 5.3% of all new cancer diagnoses, with increasing rates over the past 4 decades. Risk factors include multiple nevi, family history, sun exposure, immunosuppression, and environmental exposure. Ongoing pub...
Abstract
Melanoma has long been considered an immunogenic cancer. Early treatment options for melanoma therapy focused on the use of cytokines as a means of stimulating the immune system; these agents were used as single agents or in co...
Lisa A. Kottschade, APRN, MSN, CNP, and Kathleen M. Madden, RN, MSN, FNP-BC, AOCNP®, APHN
Abstract
Melanoma accounts for significant mortality, and its incidence continues to rise. Extensive research regarding the molecular basis of melanoma has identified a critical role for the aberrantly activated MAPK pathway in its path...
Abstract
Among mutations in melanoma, BRAF V600 mutations have historically attracted the most attention and research. However, NRAS, GNAQ, c-KIT, NF1, and atypical BRAF mutations, although less common, warrant identification and consid...
Abstract
The most common presentation of melanoma is that of a primary skin lesion; however, there is a unique subset of patients who will present with rare and unique clinical circumstances requiring acute attention with respect to dia...
Krista M. Rubin, MS, FNP-BC, and Lisa A. Kottschade, APRN, MSN, CNP
Abstract
Molecularly targeted agents, and notably, the immune checkpoint inhibitors, are now considered standard therapies for the treatment of advanced melanoma and have forever changed the treatment paradigm for this difficult-to-trea...
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are indicated for the treatment of a variety of malignancies, but are used commonly in patients with advanced melanoma. Most are also substrates for various efflux transporters, including P-glycoprote...
Tzewah V. Leung, PharmD, BCOP, Mitchell E. Hughes, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, Christine G. Cambareri, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, Daniel J. Rubin, PharmD, and Beth Eaby-Sandy, MSN, CRNP, OCN®
Abstract
Chemotherapy, and now targeted therapies and immunotherapies, are widely used for the management of patients with all stages of lung cancer. Some challenges present when patients are receiving concomitant hemodialysis for vario...
Kaitlin L. Feldenzer,(1) DNP, RN, OCN®, and Jessica Sarno,(2) MSN, ACNP-BC, AOCNP®
Abstract
Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) is a common concern in patients being treated for cancer, affecting over a quarter of this population. There are multiple causes of HCM, including humoral HCM, osteolytic HCM, ectopic hyperpara...
Lisa Parks,(1) MS, RN, CNP, Meghan Routt,(2) MSN, ANP/GNP-BC, AOCNP®, and Allison De Villiers,(1) MSN, RN, OCN®, ACNS-BC
Abstract
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal perioperative care pathway designed to achieve early recovery for patients undergoing major surgical procedures. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and large pros...
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematologic neoplasms varying in severity affecting one or more lines of hematopoiesis. Ineffective erythropoiesis results in dysregulation of iron metabolism. Most M...
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States; therefore, the majority of clinicians working in the oncology setting will care for this patient population. Unfortunately, treatment plans, especially in the...
Abstract
Cardio-oncology is a subspecialty of cardiology. It was created to address oncology data indicating that newly developed drugs for cancer treatment were having unanticipated cardiac side effects. Cardio-oncology designs primary...
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. The disease is characterized by a chromosomal abnormality involving translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. Current therapy has advanced to incl...
Abstract
Inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are important treatment options for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating EGFR mutations. Erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, and osimertinib are appro...
About 17% of women with breast cancer have locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, and 30% to 40% of women diagnosed with early-stage disease will eventually have recurrence. The majority of breast cancers expres...
Abstract
Biosimilar agents are biologic products that have been shown to be “highly similar” to an already approved reference biologic product. Their integration into clinical practice has the potential to significantly decrease costs f...
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially life-threatening emergency that can develop rapidly after the release of intracellular contents from lysed malignant cells. The advent of novel and targeted therapies that have impro...
Opioid analgesics are the cornerstone of moderate to severe cancer pain management, and do not have ceiling doses unless unmanageable adverse effects occur. Oral, short-acting pure μ agonists such as morphine are most frequently used, bu...
Pain is still undertreated and thus a significant problem for at least half of all cancer patients. Inadequately managed cancer pain may cause significant morbidity and even affect mortality, as well as patient quality of life. One endur...
Abstract
Family caregivers who provide care for a loved one with advanced cancer suffer physically and psychologically from the care demands of a family member with high symptom burden and a poor prognosis. Often, family members are als...
Abstract
Despite widespread use of support groups in the breast cancer patient population, there are heterogeneous outcome measurements and inconsistencies in their perceived benefits. The purpose of this integrative literature review i...
Abstract
Advanced care providers (ACPs) and nurses are fundamental players in the assessment and management of immunotherapy-related dermatologic adverse events (irdAE). Pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab are approved for unresect...
Abstract
Constipation is common in individuals with cancer, occurring in almost 60% of patients overall. The incidence increases in patients with advanced disease, particularly in those receiving opioid analgesics or medications with an...
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a group of diverse clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancies that are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and progressive bone marrow failure. Clinical symptoms are generally nonspecific....
Despite more intensive therapy, high-risk neuroblastoma continues to be a challenging disease to treat. Postconsolidation immunotherapy has been studied for many years and has proven to be effective in clinical trials. Immunotherapy has ...
The immune checkpoint inhibitors ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab represent a substantial improvement in treating advanced melanoma but are associated with adverse events (AEs) likely related to general immunologic enhancement. T...
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a heterogeneous group of blood diseases, are usually diagnosed in older individuals, with a median age at diagnosis of more than 70 years. Anemia is a common symptom in patients with MDS and may...
Abstract
New advances in the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have afforded patients longer progression-free survival times, but these therapies are also associated with specific side effects that may not be seen with che...
Abstract
Idelalisib is a first-in-class oral selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta, which is selectively expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it is critical to B-cell receptor signaling and B-cell development and...
Abstract
The American Cancer Society estimated that 39,610 new cases of rectal cancer were diagnosed in the United States in 2015. Surgery is the primary treatment for rectal cancer, with the majority of patients undergoing sphincter-pr...
Abstract
The immune system plays an active role in controlling and eradicating cancer. T cells, an essential component of the adaptive immune system, have a number of surface receptors (called “checkpoints”) that can help either to sust...
Abstract
For decades, the prognosis for patients with advanced-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was bleak, with chemotherapy offering limited benefit and much toxicity. Now, with mutational testing, new generations of targeted t...
Among patients with cancer, many factors can cause severe and persistent neutropenia, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. For patients with neutrophil deficiency, replacement with granulocyte transfusion (GTX) seems a rational ...
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed great advances in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), brought about in large part by the development of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Bosutinib joins the armamentarium of ...
Abstract
Statin use leads to a reduction in the downstream products of the mevalonate pathway. Knowledge of this pathway has led scientists to investigate the role of statins in cancer prevention and treatment. Statins appear to possess...
Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are now approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. The efficacy of these drugs has been repeatedly demonstrated, as has their tolerability in most patients. However,...
Abstract
Myelofibrosis, a rare, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with progressive bone marrow fibrosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis, is a life-shortening disease with a heterogeneous clinical presentation that poses si...
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is expressed in B-cell malignancies, playing an important role in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and offering a promising new strategy for the development of targeted drugs. Malignant B cells in ...
Historically, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown an increased risk of recurrence and mortality among women who have used primarily oral HRT after breast cancer. However, many of these studies have had design flaws that may im...
In 2012, the United States had an estimated 13.7 million cancer survivors, with a projected increase to 18 million by 2022. Little consensus exists regarding provider roles in cancer follow-up care. The purpose of this integrative review...
Abstract
Approximately 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases and 11% to 18% of ovarian cancer cases are a result of a mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, known as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). An inherited mutation in eithe...
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy has been used with success in curing metastatic renal cell carcinoma and melanoma in a small minority of patients. However, the benefits can be accompanied by severe toxicity. This review of the li...
Abstract
Thyroid disease and cancer diagnoses are common conditions likely to coexist. Optimal management requires appropriate diagnostic testing and consideration of a number of factors, including overall health status and prognosis. H...
Abstract
Biosimilars will enter the US market soon, potentially lowering costs and increasing patient access to important oncology biologics. Biosimilars are highly similar, but not identical, to their reference product. Subtle variatio...
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a rare, heterogeneous group of T-cell– or natural killer cell–derived non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The majority of patients with PTCL experience an aggressive disease course and poor overall survival. Hi...
Pain is a common and often debilitating consequence of cancer and its treatment. Efforts to improve pain management for patients diagnosed with cancer have not resulted in widespread patient reports of acceptable management of pain. Pati...
Abstract
Somatic point mutations in the BRAF gene have been found in approximately 50% of melanomas. BRAFV600E, the most common mutation, results in the constitutive activation of BRAFV600E kinase, sustaining MAPK signaling and perpetua...
Abstract
The approval of the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab for the treatment of advanced melanoma in 2011 spearheaded the development of other anticancer therapies with immune mechanisms of action, including other immune checkp...
Breast cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States. Despite treatment, 30% to 40% of women with early-stage or localized invasive breast cancer will eventually develop metastatic disease. Women with metastati...
Over a decade ago, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) presented Ensuring Quality Cancer Care in the United States, with recommendations for change (IOM, 1999). However, barriers to integrating palliative care (PC) to achieve high-quality ca...
Abstract
The systemic therapeutic management of breast cancer has undergone significant transformation in the past decade. Without targeted therapies, conventional treatment with cytotoxic agents has reached the limit of its potential i...
Abstract
Advanced practitioners (APs) specializing in cancer care will most likely need to perform or participate in obtaining the history and physical (H & P) of a new patient. The core infrastructure of the history-taking and phys...
Abstract
Lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent approved in relapsed multiple myeloma with dexamethasone, for transfusion-dependent anemia in myelodysplastic syndrome associated with deletion 5q, and in relapsed/progressive mant...
Title: Communicating With Cancer Patients
Author: John F. Smyth, MD
Publisher: CRC Press
Publication date: October 14, 2013
Price: $39.95 paperback, 100 pages; $27.00 e-book
More information: www.crcpress.com
Abstract
According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 230,000 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in 2014 alone. Following mastectomy, several reconstructive options exist for women with breast cancer. The timing a...
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable cancer of the bone marrow plasma cells. However, the overall survival of patients with MM has increased dramatically within the past decade. This is due, in part, to newer agents such ...
Distress is a psychological state that is often observed in patients with chronic disease. Many cancers are considered chronic in nature, with patients experiencing long, disease-free states and intervals of metastatic disease. Distress ...
Information-sharing is an integral part of cancer care. Several studies have examined the information needs of patients with various types of cancer. However, the priorities of information needs among patients with cancer have not been r...
Cervical cancer incidence rates have decreased dramatically since the implementation of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. Nevertheless, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates for 2013 predicted more than 12,000 new cases of cervical can...
Despite the appropriate use of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic preventative measures, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can be debilitating and can decrease quality of life for many patients. In addition, patients may be...
Infection continues to rank as a primary cause of treatment-related mortality in patients with cancer. For patients with neutropenic fevers, immediate empiric treatment with antibiotics is standard care. However, which specific antibioti...
Lung cancer screening provides an opportunity for smoking cessation interventions. A review of the literature found that smokers who participated in lung cancer screening had a higher smoking cessation rate compared with smokers in the g...
Herbs, vitamins, and other natural health products are being used by cancer patients and survivors with increasing prevalence in the United States. These complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) products, which are also referred to a...
The integration of novel agents into the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has shifted the focus from an incurable disease to one that is chronic, with a realistic hope of someday achieving a cure. Proteasome inhibitors and immunomodula...
Women with Lynch syndrome (LS) are at equal or higher risk for gynecologic cancers compared with their risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Endometrial cancer (EC) often precedes CRC as patients’ sentinel malignancy. Identifying these patie...
The integration of novel agents into the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has shifted the focus from an incurable disease to one that is chronic, with a realistic hope of someday achieving a cure. Proteasome inhibitors and immunomodula...
Patients with cancer utilize complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for a variety of purposes, one of which is the reduction of side effects of conventional treatment. With a large number of their patients using CAM, it is importan...
The increasing use of patient-administered oral anticancer drugs is paralleled by new challenges in maintaining treatment adherence. These challenges are particularly significant with adjuvant therapies for prevention of disease recurren...
Advanced practitioners in oncology want patients to receive state-of-the-art care and support for their healing process. Evidence-informed practice (EIP), an approach to evaluating evidence for clinical practice, considers the varieties ...
Pain is a symptom associated with prolonged recovery from illness and procedures, decreased quality of life, and increased health-care costs. While there have been advances in the management of cancer pain, there is a need for therapeuti...
Palifermin is a recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. Palifermin’s biological activity exerts cytoprotective and healing effects that decrease cell injury caus...
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), an oncologic emergency that typically occurs after the treatment of a malignancy with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, is the result of extreme tumor cell lysis with the release of intracellular potassium, nu...
Other than skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related death for males in the United States. Screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific anti...
The long-term effects of many drugs are unknown. Established risks are communicated to patients who participate in clinical trials during the informed consent process. However, unknown and unanticipated side effects of medications may oc...
Multiple myeloma accounts for approximately 1% of neoplastic diseases and 13% of hematologic cancers. Complications often associated with MM include neurologic and hematologic issues, infections, renal insufficiency, and bone involvement...
The idea that thoughts and emotions influence health outcomes is an ancient concept that was initially abandoned by Western medicine researchers. Today, researchers are showing a renewed interest in the interactions of the mind and body ...
The objective of clinical trials is to determine the effectiveness and safety of specific interventions. Regulatory agencies, clinicians, and patients depend on clinical trials because they provide the most reliable information about tre...
In the United States, more women are diagnosed with breast cancer than any other type of cancer. More than 11,000 of these women will be younger than 40, and many of these women will want to have children in the future. A significant num...
Myelotoxicity is one of the most common treatment-related adverse events for patients receiving systemic antineoplastic therapy or radiotherapy to bone marrow–producing regions. Myeloid cytopenias, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia...
With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia, the course of the disease has been altered from an acute, rapidly progressive terminal disorder to a serious condition with high remission rat...
Targeted therapies have produced significant treatment advances for patients diagnosed with a variety of tumor types. These therapies are associated with unique dermatologic toxicities that may hamper treatment efforts and cause signific...
Important advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of chronic myeloid leukemia have resulted in the development of new therapies and changed the paradigm for managing this myeloproliferative disease. Translocation of chromoso...
Vaccination is a simple yet important process used to prevent many infections in the general population. For patients with suppressed immune systems, especially those who are undergoing chemotherapy or who have undergone stem cell transp...
Neurologic complications can result from direct or indirect effects of cancer therapy. Treatment toxicity may affect both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Early recognition of these toxicities plays an import...
Patients with cancer have an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the incidence of these events has been increasing over the past decade. Venous thromboembolic events include both deep venous thrombosis and pulmo...
The purpose of the study was to obtain an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of advanced practice providers (APPs) with respect to their current roles in the context of the transition to a new cancer care delivery system, as well ...
Cancer-related infections are complex and remain a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Susceptibility to cancer-related infections is due to the nature of the malignancy and cancer treatments. Epidemiologic trends fo...
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common adverse event for patients with cancer. Many advances over the past 2 decades have improved the treatment of CINV, thus increasing the quality of life of cancer patients. Unders...
Individuals undergoing multimodality treatments for cancer are at risk for treatment toxicities that can negatively impact the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the liver. These toxicities can be short term or they can linger for ye...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) have an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) and precancerous anal dysplasia. Anal cancer precursor lesions may develop due to...
T.N. was a 45-year-old African American female who presented with right breast swelling, pain, skin changes, and redness for 2 weeks (Figure 1). She was initially treated with antibiotics for presumed mastitis by her primary care physici...
The increasing use of more complex multiagent treatments and multimodal delivery of antineoplastic therapies has resulted in a growing number of cardiovascular complications resulting in cardiotoxicity. These complications may manifest a...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients are at risk for and vulnerable to malnutrition throughout all phases of the transplant process. Patients can develop symptoms that make it difficult to maintain a balanced fluid, electro...
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most feared cancer diagnoses due to the poor prognosis associated with the majority of cases. Most patients present with distant metastases, and 5-year relative survival rates have changed very little...
Lung cancer, a major global public health issue, is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. In spite of the importance of this disease, there has been only a 3% improvement in 5-year survival over the past 30 years. While...
It is currently common to see advertisements on television, in magazines, and on the Internet for genetic tests to evaluate one's own risk for cancer. Medical direct-to-consumer (DTC) marketing is not new to us—we are used to seeing adve...
A diagnosis of prostate cancer in men who have moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) frequently results in a recommendation to undergo radical prostatectomy. The rationale for this recommendation is that removal of the p...
Biomarkers offer great promise in the care of patients who have cancer. They can establish a more accurate and definitive diagnosis, and help identify patients most likely to respond to therapy, those most likely to experience disease re...
Multiple myeloma, a mature B-cell malignancy, is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the United States. Research has highlighted the importance of the bone marrow microenvironment in contributing to the pathogenesis of multi...
Prostate cancer represents the most common noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. Although PSA testing with or without digital exam has led to increased prostate cancer detection, it continues to lack specificity, which leads t...
The demand for a transformation of the health-care system has led to an emphasis on evidence-based practice (EBP) to ensure safe, quality care. The gap between research and translation into practice has resulted in the call for changes i...
Confirming the diagnosis of cancer has largely been the role of the pathologist, through examination and evaluation of tumor tissue. An adjunct to this process is the identification of a tumor marker, which can be found in tumor tissue o...
Adherence to orally administered cancer therapy is far from optimal. Theory-driven interventions are needed for optimal management of patients on oral anticancer regimens. Few models for assessing motivation, models for change theory, or...
Tumor markers include substances secreted by or in response to tumor cells and are measured in tissue or other body fluids. Biomarkers have been most widely used in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response in solid tumors, such...
Head and neck cancer remains a formidable disease entity. Many of the patients with this tumor type present with locally advanced disease, and although treatment options have increased significantly, improving survival, patients with hea...
Providing survivorship care for the over 20 million cancer survivors expected in the United States by 2020 will be a health-care challenge. The anticipated deficit in health-care providers will demand that follow-up care of this populati...
There are no effective early-detection modalities for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women. However, the 5-year survival rate for women diagnosed with stage I disease is 90%, demonstrating the...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent the most common hematologic diseases in adults, with the majority of...
The cornerstone of treatment for many cancers includes chemotherapy agents known to induce peripheral neuropathy. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a potential side effect of treatment for which few patients are prepar...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are a group of heterogeneous indolent B-cell malignancies that are largely incurable and occur most commonly in older adults. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the mos...
Monoclonal antibodies that target CD20 and CD52 have been evaluated in the setting of chronic lymphocytic leukemia over the past 2 decades. Incorporating these agents into chemotherapy regimens has improved disease control, making chemoi...
The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is in a state of transformation owing largely to an improved understanding of the pathways and molecular targets in normal B-cell development, the role aberrant pathways play in the dev...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in adults in the Western hemisphere, and in 2017, it is expected to be diagnosed in 20,110 people, with 4,660 dying of this disease. The median age at diagnosis of CLL is ...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common types of leukemia among elderly patients. The disease can behave quite heterogeneously, as certain CLL patients will experience an indolent course, whereas others endure an agg...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of the elderly, with 71 years as the median age at diagnosis. Many symptoms that patients with CLL experience are related to the disease but may also be associated with its treatment. Autoi...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease most common in older adults, with a median age at diagnosis of 71 years. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is considered an incurable but highly treatable disease, and it is characterized by var...
Abstract
In past decades, oral formulations of medications used in the treatment of cancer have become increasingly prevalent. This can be a significant benefit for patients, as it eliminates the need for frequent trips to the infusion ...
The post-genomic era has opened the door for personalized cancer treatments, and the trend of discovery is moving forward to identify more stratified biomarkers to accurately predict the progression of disease, as well as efficacy biomar...
In recent years, the role of molecular testing in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has rapidly grown. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several new medications to treat patients with genetic alterations over the pa...
Lynch syndrome is a hereditary cancer syndrome that accounts for most inherited forms of endometrial and colorectal cancers and also increases the lifetime risk of developing many other types of malignancies including ovarian cancer. Lyn...
Significant progress has been made in the management of hereditary ovarian cancer, given advancements in genetic screening, risk assessment, and treatments. Women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome, which is caused...
Over the past 10 years, there have been significant advances in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Screening of high-risk patients with computed tomography scans and genomic biomarkers aid in the diagnosis of lung cancer patients at earlier s...
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and the world. The treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is dependent on adequate staging of disease at diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) and p...
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading form of lung carcinoma in the United States. Systemic chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment; however, advances in the identification of driver mutations have allowed the dev...
This article provides a summary of current approaches to the management of adverse effects from targeted therapies for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Agents included in this section are categorized as epidermal growth factor recepto...
Since the identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in a subset of non–small cell lung cancers and the concomitant success of front-line EGFR inhibitors in treating cancers with these mutations, interest in iden...
Immunotherapy is now a mainstay of therapy for several different types of malignancies. Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been one of the first solid tumors to show promising clinical trial results in the use of immunotherapy, speci...
Immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed our management of metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Efficacy data have supported immune checkpoint inhibitors as potential first-line options as monotherapy or in...
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be the leader in cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although local therapies such as surgery and special types of radiation appear to deliver the best chance for cure or remission...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of current approaches for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma using approved agents, including bortezomib and lenalidomide. Clinical development of drugs for multiple myeloma, and...
Abstract
With the advent of more effective treatments for multiple myeloma, many patients are maintained longer on chronic therapy and thus have greater need for palliative care to manage symptoms of the disease and side effects of ther...
Abstract
Much of the success achieved in managing the side effects of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) centers on the evolving knowledge base regarding the physiology of vomiting. Increasing awareness of multiple afferent...
Abstract
Despite the development of newer antiemetics such as serotonin (5-HT3) and neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists, prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) still presents a challenge to many patients and...
Abstract
Although current antiemetic agents, either singularly or in combination, have had substantial positive effects on controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), there are still concerns regarding how well advanced...
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with potential secondary organ effects including renal, bone, and bone marrow effects as well as neurologic and immune dysfunction. Diagnostic evaluation of MM includes laboratory...
Treatment of patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RR MM) is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the disease, patient comorbidities, and side effects of individual treatments. Carfilzomib, a selective proteasome ...
The survival outlook for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has improved over the past decade; however, even with access to newer therapies, all patients will eventually relapse and progress. Carfilzomib is a selective proteasome inhibi...
Despite the dramatic success seen with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), some patients still develop resistance or intolerance and need alternative therapies. Monitoring response to T...
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous myeloid stem-cell malignancies most prevalent in the seventh and eighth decades of life. Since most patients are elderly, are treated as outpatients, and often have comorbi...
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a heterogeneous group of distinct clonal malignancies, accounts for 80% of acute leukemias in adults. The incidence of AML among US adults is increasing, particularly in those older than 60. Risk factors for...
Follicular lymphomas (FLs), the second most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States, are typically diagnosed in older patients. Grades 1 and 2 FLs, which account for about 75% of all FLs, are commonly indolent and incura...
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy arising from neoplastic proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. The majority of patients are men, and the median age at diagnosis is 71 years. Information provided by laboratory and radiolog...
Oral mucositis remains one of the most painful and debilitating side effects of cancer therapy. A working knowledge of the risk factors for oral mucositis and oral cavity assessment protocols is essential to early identification of signs...
